This Capability Area covers the 4 process-oriented Roadmaps:
- Process Definition,
- Technology Management,
- Process Improvement & Engineering, and
- Measurements.
Collectively, they address the product development process itself, including
its definition, development, improvement and maintenance.
This Roadmap covers practices that address the formalization and coverage of
the process.
Some product development and support processes are documented, including
requirements management, project tracking, planning and estimation, and
quality assurance methods [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 4.2-1] [MB 5.2a]
[Trillium].
Development projects are organized according to a life-cycle model [Bellcore
TR-NWT-000179 3.1-1 & 3.4.2-1,2] [ISO 9000-3 5.1] [Trillium].
Appropriate resources and funding are provided for the development and
maintenance of the organization's process assets [SEI OPD Ability 1] [ISO
9001 4.1.2.2, 4.9].
A complete product development and support life-cycle with predefined stages
of manageable size is flow-charted and documented [SEI SPP Activity 5] [ISO
9000-3 5.1] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 3.4.2-1] [Trillium].
Life-cycle models that are approved for use by projects are identified and
documented [SEI OPD Activity 3] [ISO 9000-3 5.1] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179
3.4.2-11].
An integrated product development process is defined and documented, covering
hardware, software, firmware, documentation and other user deliverables
(e.g., training) [ISO 9001 4.9] [Trillium].
Cross-functional concurrency among marketing, design, customer engineering,
manufacturing, installation and support tasks is planned and managed
throughout the product development life-cycle to achieve interval, cost and
quality goals [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 3.4.2-2] [Trillium].
The product and project plans for quantitative process management are
developed according to a documented procedure [SEI QPM Activity 1]
The integrated product development process is under the responsibility of a
single cross-functional organizational entity
[Roadmap Trillium 3.1.3.4].
An organization-level team to coordinate defect prevention activities exists
[SEI DP Ability 1].
The organization's standard process is documented according to established
organization standards [SEI OPD Activity 2] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 3.4.2-4
& 4.2-1] [Trillium].
All individual product development processes are documented [Bellcore
TR-NWT-000179 3.4.2-4 & 4.2-1] [Trillium].
The organization's standard product development process is developed and
maintained according to a documented procedure [SEI OPD Activity 1] [Bellcore
TR-NWT-000179 3.4.2-4].
Guidelines and criteria for the project's tailoring of the organization's
standard product and service development process are developed and maintained
[SEI OPD Activity 4] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 3.4.2-11] [Trillium].
An organizational repository of process assets is developed, documented and
used according to a documented procedure [SEI OPD Activity 5] [Trillium].
A library of process-related documentation previously developed by projects
in the organization is established and maintained [SEI OPD Activity 6].
The use of the organization's process repository is coordinated at the
organization level [SEI OPF Activity 4] [Trillium].
Product development, support and maintenance activities are managed by a
cross-functional team under common management control [MB 5.2c]
[Trillium].
This Roadmap covers practices that address the monitoring, assessment and introduction of technology in the process. The term "Technology" in this section includes methods, techniques and tools.
New technologies are evaluated and introduced at the project level
[Roadmap Trillium 3.2.3.4].
Managers and technical staff are kept aware of appropriate new technologies
[SEI TCM Activity 3] [Trillium].
Pilot efforts for improving technology are conducted, where appropriate,
before a new technology is introduced on a broad scale [SEI TCM Activity
6].
New technologies in pilot use in the organization are monitored, evaluated,
and where appropriate, implemented in other parts of the organization [SEI
OPF Activity 5].
Technologies are selected and acquired for the organization and projects
according to a documented procedure [SEI TCM Activity 5] [Bellcore
TR-NWT-000179 4.6-6] [MB 5.2c].
A function responsible for the organization's technology change management
exists [SEI TCM Ability 1] [Trillium].
Adequate resources and funding are provided to perform the organization's
technology change management activities [SEI TCM Ability 2] [Trillium].
Support exists for collecting and analyzing the data needed to evaluate
technology changes [SEI TCM Ability 3].
The organization develops and maintains a plan for technology innovation [SEI
TCM Activity 1] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 4.6-6].
The organization analyzes its product development process to identify areas
that need or could benefit from new technologies [SEI TCM Activity 4] [MB
5.2c].
Appropriate data on the process and work products are available to support
analyses performed to evaluate and select technology changes [SEI TCM Ability
4] [Trillium].
The function responsible for the organization's technology change management
activities works with the projects in identifying areas of technology change
[SEI TCM Activity 2] [Trillium].
Appropriate new technologies are incorporated into the organization's
standard process according to a documented procedure [SEI TCM Activity 7]
[Trillium].
This Roadmap covers practices that address process improvement activities.
Some process improvement activities have been initiated [ISO 9001 4.9]
[Trillium].
The organization product development capability has been benchmarked
according to industry accepted methodology (e.g., ISO10011 audits)
[Roadmap Trillium 3.3.3.8].
A function that is responsible for the organization's process activities
exists [SEI OPF Ability1] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 2.5.1-1] [Trillium].
The function responsible for the organization's process activities (e.g.,
engineering process group) coordinates the process improvement activities
[SEI PCM Activity 2] [Trillium].
Process improvement projects are documented, reviewed, approved and tracked
in the same manner as development projects
[Roadmap Trillium 3.3.3.6].
Adequate resources and funding are provided for the organization process
activities [SEI OPF Ability 2] [ISO 9001 4.1.2.2] [Trillium].
The organization follows a written policy for implementing process assessment
and improvement [SEI PCM Commitment 1] [ISO 9000-3 4.4] [Trillium].
The organization plans for process improvement according to a documented
procedure [SEI PCM Activity 3] [ISO 9000-3 4.4] [Trillium].
Process improvement proposals are submitted by individuals or teams according
to a documented procedure [SEI PCM Activity 5] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179
3.4.2-10].
Process assessment is done according to a documented procedure [Bellcore
TR-NWT-000179 3.4.2-10] [Trillium].
The organization follows a documented and approved plan to coordinate its
activities for process improvement [SEI OPF Activity 2] [SEI PCM Activity 4]
[Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 2.5-2] [MB 5.5a].
The product development, support and business processes are assessed
periodically throughout the organization, and improvement plans are developed
to address the assessment findings [SEI OPF Activity 1] [ISO 9001 4.9] [ISO
9000-3 4.3] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 2.3-1] [MB 5.2c, 5.3c & 5.5b]
[Trillium].
The organization's and projects' activities for defining, implementing,
measuring, and improving its processes are coordinated at the organization
level [SEI OPF Activity 3] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 2.5-2].
The product development groups are informed of the organization's and
project's activities for process development and improvement [SEI OPF
Activity 7].
Causal analysis is performed after the completion of specific tasks according
to a documented procedure [SEI DP Activity 3].
At the beginning of a product task, the members of the team performing the
task meet to prepare for the activities of that task and the related defect
prevention activities [SEI DP Activity 2].
Each of the teams assigned to coordinate defect prevention activities meets
on a periodic basis to review and coordinate implementation of action
proposals from the causal analysis meetings [SEI DP Activity 4].
Where appropriate, process improvements are installed on a pilot basis to
determine their benefits and effectiveness before they are introduced into
normal practice [SEI PCM Activity 7] [Trillium].
When the decision is made to transfer a process improvement into normal
practice, the improvement is implemented according to a documented procedure
[SEI PCM Activity 8].
All managers are responsible for the effective deployment of the processes
used in their departments
[Roadmap Trillium 3.3.3.17].
Quantitative quality goals are established and tracked for some process tasks
and deliverables including requirements, design, code, test, validation and
user documentation [SEI QPM Commitment 4] [Trillium].
A function exists that is responsible for coordinating the quantitative
process management activities for the organization [SEI QPM Ability 1]
[Trillium].
Support exists for collecting, recording, and analyzing data for selected
process and product measurements [SEI QPM Ability 2].
Adequate resources and funding are provided for process improvement
activities [SEI PCM Ability 1].
A documented procedure is followed for reviewing, approving, planning,
implementing, and tracking process improvement proposals
[Roadmap Trillium 3.3.3.6].
The activities for process improvement are reviewed with senior management on
a periodic basis [SEI PCM Verification 1].
Quantitative quality goals are established and tracked for all process tasks
and deliverables including requirements, design, code, test, verification,
validation and user documentation [SEI QPM Commitment 4] [Bellcore
TR-NWT-000179 2.5-1] [Trillium].
Support exists for collecting, recording and analyzing data for selected
process and product measurement [SEI QPM Ability 3] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179
2.5-1].
Defect prevention data are documented and tracked across the teams
coordinating defect prevention activities [SEI DP Activity 5].
The measurement data used to control the project's defined process
quantitatively are collected according to a documented procedure [SEI QPM
Activity 4].
An organization-wide program to improve the product development process is
established which empowers the organization's staff and managers to improve
their own working processes and to participate in the improvements made by
others [SEI PCM Activity 1].
Staff and managers actively participate in working groups, quality circles,
or technical committees to develop process improvements for assigned process
focus areas [SEI PCM Activity 6].
Revisions to the organization's standard processes resulting from defect
prevention actions are incorporated according to a documented procedure [SEI
DP Activity 6] [Trillium].
Members of the product development group receive feedback on the status and
results of the organization's and project's defect prevention activities on a
periodic basis [SEI DP Activity 8].
Records of process improvement activities are maintained in a repository [SEI
PCM Activity 9].
This Roadmap covers practices that address the measurement system and its
elements.
Project cost factors are measured [MB 2.1] [Trillium].
Product characteristics (e.g., size, system resources, performance) are
measured [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 4.4-1 & 4.4.1-1 & 4.4.2-1] [ISO
9000-3 6.4.1] [Trillium].
The number of additions, changes and deletions to requirements, design, code
and test specifications are measured [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 4.4-1 &
4.4.1-1 & 4.4.2-1] [Bellcore IPQM TA-1315 3.8 & 3.9] [ISO 9000-3
6.4.1].
Measurements are made and used to determine the status of activities for
managing requirements (e.g., status, change activity, cumulative number of
changes) [SEI RM Measurement 1] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 4.4-1 & 4.4.1-1
& 4.4.2-1] [ISO 9000-3 6.4.1] [Trillium].
Measurements are made and used to determine the status of project planning
activities (e.g., milestone completion, work completed, effort extended) [SEI
SPP Measurement 1] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 4.4.1-4] [Trillium].
Measurements are made and used to determine the status of project tracking
activities (e.g., effort and resources, change activity for the development
plan) [SEI SPT&O Measurement 1] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 4.4.1-4]
[Trillium].
Measurements are made and used to determine the status of the activities for
managing subcontractors (e.g, costs compared to plan, actual delivery date
compared to plan) [SEI SSM Measurement 1] [ISO 9000-3 6.4.2] [Bellcore
TR-NWT-000179 4.4-1 & 4.4.1-1] [Trillium].
Measurements are made and used to determine the cost and schedule status of
the quality system activities (e.g., costs compared to plan, number of audits
compared to plan) [SEI SQA Measurement 1] [ISO 9000-3 6.4.2] [Bellcore
TR-NWT-000179 4.4-1 & 4.4.1-1] [Trillium].
Measurements are made and used to determine the status of configuration
management activities (e.g., effort and funds, completion of milestones
compared to plan) [SEI SCM Measurement 1] [ISO 9000-3 6.4.2] [Bellcore
TR-NWT-000179 4.4-1 & 4.4.1-1] [Trillium].
Process and product failures and statistics are systematically measured
throughout the life-cycle of the product [ISO 9000-3 6.4.1] [Bellcore
TR-NWT-000179 4.4.1-2] [MB 5.2a & 6.1a] [Trillium].
Customer satisfaction is systematically measured [MB 7.4] [Trillium].
Organization's and projects' activities for process measurements and analysis
are based on a documented and approved plan [SEI QPM Activity 2] [ISO 9000-3
6.4] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 3.4.3-1].
The organization's standard product development process is the basis for
selecting process and product data to be collected and for the analysis to be
performed [ISO 9001 4.9] [Trillium].
Process metrics are identified based on their usefulness to the organization
and the projects [ISO 9001 4.20] [ISO 9000-3 6.4.2] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179
4.4.1-3].
Process metrics cover the entire product life-cycle [ISO 9001 4.20] [ISO
9000-3 6.4.2].
The organization measures and tracks product and feature delivery interval,
key milestones, completion dates and deliverables [Bellcore IPQM TA -1315
3.5, 3.6 & 3.7].
Process data are collected and stored in an organizational repository
according to a documented procedure
[Roadmap Trillium 3.4.3.3].
Measurements are made and used to determine the status of the organization's
process definition activities (e.g., status of schedule milestones, costs)
[SEI OPD Measurement 1] [Trillium].
Measurements are made and used to determine the effectiveness of the
organization's project management activities (e.g., frequency, causes and
magnitude of project replanning effort) [SEI ISM Measurement 1]
[Trillium].
Measurements are made and used to determine the status of the organization's
training activities (e.g., attendance, progress in providing courses) [SEI TP
Measurement 1] [Trillium].
Measurements are made and used to determine the quality of the organization's
training program (e.g., post-training test results, student courses reviews)
[SEI TP Measurement 2] [Trillium].
Product metrics are collected and used to manage and improve the product
development process [ISO 9001 4.20] [ISO 9000-3 6.4.1] [Bellcore
TR-NWT-000179 4.4.1-1 & 4.4.1-3].
Product data are collected and stored in an organizational repository
according to a documented procedure [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 4.4.1-1]
[Trillium].
Analyses of selected product data are performed according to a documented
procedure [ISO 9001 4.20] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 4.4.1-2] [Trillium].
Analyses of selected process data are performed according to a documented
procedure [ISO 9001 4.20] [Bellcore TR-NWT-000179 4.4.1-2] [Trillium].
The number of detected and corrected defects are systematically measured for
each life-cycle phase [SEI SPE Measurement 1] [Bellcore IPQM TA-1315 4.3].
Customer satisfaction metrics are systematically used for improvement [MB
7.2g].
The process performance baseline for the organization's standard product
development process is monitored on a regular basis and updated as
appropriate according to a documented procedure [SEI QPM Activity 7]
[Trillium].
The results of the measurement and analysis activities are monitored on a
regular basis and appropriate adjustments are made to keep process
performance baseline in line with the expected performance [SEI QPM Activity
5].
Process analysis reports are prepared and distributed to the appropriate
groups [SEI QPM Activity 6].
Measurements are made to determine the status of the Quality Management
activities (e.g., cost of poor quality) [SEI SQM Measurement 1].
The results from the integrated process and product data analyses are used to
bring the organization's processes under statistical control
[Roadmap Trillium 3.4.4.2].
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