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5.2 Fsck
5.2.4 Data block consistency
fsck can't check ordinary data blocks, but it can check directory data blocks. These it checks for inode numbers pointing to unallocated inodes, out-of-bounds inode numbers, incorrect inode numbers for "." and "..", and directories not connected to the file system. The latter it will link back into the file system by putting an entry for it in the lost+found directory. The directory entry for "." should be the first entry in a directory block, and it should reference itself, i.e. have the inode number for the directory. The second entry in the directory should be "..", and reference the inode for the parent of this directory. For the root directory ".." would reference the inode pointing to itself. In addition to ordinary data blocks and directory data blocks there exist symbolic link data blocks. These contain the path name for the link.
Unix System Administration - 8 AUG 1996
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